Java Networking — Socket
Installing Ubuntu
vi) Make sure you are not using a defective testerjava EchoServer 1042
OUTPUT:-
Server socket class: ServerSocket
wait for requests from clients.
after a request is received, a client socket is generated.
Client socket class: Socket
an endpoint for communication between two apps/applets.
obtained by
contacting a server
generated by the server socket
Communication is handled by input/output streams.
Socket provides an input and an output stream.
Assignment -1
How to dual boot windows pc with Linux
What is Dual Booting?
Dual-booting means having two operating systems on a computer at the same time. You can call it multi-booting if you have more than two operating systems. For example, I’ve Windows 7, Kubuntu and Fedora installed in 3 different partitions in my laptop. When you dualboot, you can choose what operating system to choose when you start your computer.
How it works?
Dual booting requires a program called bootloader. Most operating systems include a bootloader. Windows uses its “Windows Bootloader” while many Linux distros use “GRUB” and “GRUB 2”. There exist many other bootloaders such as Lilo etc. When you start your PC, bootloader is the first program that runs. It then displays the list of operating systems installed to choose from. Some bootloaders also have advanced features like terminal access and recovery tools
What are the advantages?
• Your operating system can use all your hardware unlike virtualization, so no performance loss.
• Even if one operating system fails, you have the other system for recovery purposes and data backup.
• You can enjoy the operating system you like without having to completely uninstall the system you need.
Installing Ubuntu
In the previous article, we saw how to install Windows. Now the next step is to install a Linux distro. We’ll see how to install Ubuntu. Installing Linux Mint is basically the same.
Installing Ubuntu First, you have to download the Ubuntu ISO image from its website. Then either burn it to a DVD or create a bootable pen drive using Unetbootin. Then boot from the disc or pen drive. Then you’ll be given options to Try Ubuntu or Install Ubuntu. So let’s choose “Install Ubuntu” and proceed.
If you choose to try Ubuntu, you can experience Ubuntu from the CD even without installing. But expect loss in performance and support for graphics drivers in the Live CD environment. When you try Ubuntu, you can install from the Live session by clicking on the “Install Ubuntu” icon present on the desktop. It is recommended to first try if Ubuntu works well on your hardware before installing.
In the previous article, we saw how to install Windows. Now the next step is to install a Linux distro. We’ll see how to install Ubuntu. Installing Linux Mint is basically the same.
Installing Ubuntu
First, you have to download the Ubuntu ISO image from its website.
Then either burn it to a DVD or create a bootable pen drive using Unetbootin. Then boot from the disc or pen drive. Then you’ll be given options to Try Ubuntu or Install Ubuntu. So let’s choose “Install Ubuntu” and proceed.
If you choose to try Ubuntu, you can experience Ubuntu from the CD even without installing. But expect loss in performance and support for graphics drivers in the Live CD environment. When you try Ubuntu, you can install from the Live session by clicking on the “Install Ubuntu” icon present on the desktop. It is recommended to first try if Ubuntu works well on your hardware before installing.
In the next step, you can check the boxes to automatically download and install updates and multimedia codecs during the installation process. This would require internet and can take longer if you have a slow connectivity. You can absolutely skip installing and install them after Ubuntu installation is complete. But without multimedia codecs, you won’t be able to play proprietary media files like mp3.
The next screen will give you different partition schemes. They may vary according to your condition. For example we had only two options. Generally, the options are,
1. Install Ubuntu Alongside Windows
2. Replace Windows 7 with Ubuntu
3. Use Entire Hard Disk
4. Something Else
To have more control over our partition scheme, we will choose “Something Else”.
The next screen will list all your partitions. You can create, edit, delete and format your partitions here. choose a partition to install Ubuntu. Ensure that the partition has no data on it as we are going to format it.
Select your partition and click “Change”. In the “Use as” field, choose “Ext4 journaling file system”. Check the box “Format the partition” and choose “Mount point” as “/”.
Linux was made in days when RAM was expensive and was designed to be able to run in limited RAM. So if your RAM is less, says less than 1GB, you should create a SWAP partition in order to better utilise you Hard Disk memory in limited RAM. You need another partition to use as SWAP partition. You normally need a SWAP partition approximately of size twice of your physical RAM. Say 2 GB in case of 1 GB RAM. Select the partition you want to use as SWAP partition and click “Change”. In the “Use as” field, choose “SWAP”. Remember that you cannot store any data in the SWAP partition.
Now click “Ok”. Then click “Install now” to begin installation.
The next screen prompts you to choose the time zone. You can conveniently click on the map to set your time zone.
You’ll be asked more information like keyboard layout and username, password etc. while the installation continues in the background.
After providing the required information, you’ll be presented with a slideshow describing some best aspects of Ubuntu.
After the installation completes, you’ll see an “Installation Complete” dialog. Click “Restart Now” to restart your system.
Now after restart, you’ll be presented with the GRUB 2 boot menu listing all your installed operating system. You’ll find your previous Window installation at the bottom.
Congratulations, you have set your dual boot configuration successfully.
Experiment -2
AIM:-Identification of different network interface and installation of Network Interface Card.
Requirements:-
i) RJ-45
ii) Cable wires
iii) Crimpler
iv) Cutter
v) Tester
Connection Diagram:-
Connection Table:-
Theory:-
RJ45, RJ45s, and 8P8C
RJ45 plugs feature eight (8) pins to which the wire strands of a cable interface electrically. Each plug has eight locations (positions), spaced about 1mm apart, into which individual wires are inserted using special cable crimping tools.The industry calls this type of connector 8P8C (Eight Position, Eight Contact).
Ethernet cables and 8P8C connectors must be crimped into the RJ-45 wiring pattern to function properly. Technically, 8P8C can be used with other types of connections besides Ethernet; it is also used with RS-232 serial cables, for example. Because RJ45 is by far the predominant usage of 8P8C, however, industry professionals commonly use those two terms interchangeably.
Traditional dial-up modems used a variation of RJ45 called RJ45s which features only 2 contacts (8P2C configuration) instead of eight. The close physical similarity of RJ45 and RJ45s made it difficult for an untrained eye to tell the two apart.
Wiring Pinouts of RJ45 Connectors
Two standard RJ45 pinouts define the arrangement of the individual eight wires needed when attaching connectors to a cable – the T568A and T568B standards. Both follow a convention of coating individual wires in one of five colors – brown, green, orange, blue and white – with certain stripe and solid combinations.
Procedure:-
1.Remove about 40mm of the jacket
2.Untwist the twisted paired wires
3. Arrange them in the order shown in the above table
4. Once the wires are arranged and are flat, cut them using the Crimpler so they are 13mm long.
5. Now use the crimpling tool to work. The crimp tool in the gold plated electrical contact down such that they pierce through insulations of all and make contact with the copper conductor This is called insulation displacement.
6. Now repeat the same steps to the other end of the wire to be used as the receiving signal. Except if you are using crossed connection the diagram to be followed will be different that of the straight wire connection.
7.Test the connection using a tester. If all the light are flashed and in a serial order, then the connection is perfect. Otherwise some error is reflected.
Observation:-
We successfully arrange the wires in order, insert them into the RJ45 using a crimpler and then test it using a LAN tester
Conclusion:
We see that the LAN tester is flashing all the 8 lights and they are in serial order. Hence our connection is verified and tested
Precaution:-
i) Do not strip the insulation of the off the individual paired wires
ii) Be careful not to cut through my coloured wires
iii) Check carefully before inserting the arranged wires in RJ-45
vi) Make sure you are not using a defective tester
v) Do not take too short cable wires
iv) Make sure all the 8 wires are touching the copper conductor
Experiment:-3
Aim:- write a program in java to implement echo client server
Algorithm:-
SERVER:
STEP 1: Start
STEP 2: Declare the variables for the socket
STEP 3: Specify the family, protocol, IP address and port number
STEP 4: Create a socket using socket() function
STEP 5: Bind the IP address and Port number
STEP 6: Listen and accept the client’s request for the connection
STEP 7: Read the client’s message
STEP 8: Display the client’s message
STEP 9: Close the socket
STEP 10: Stop
STEP 1: Start
STEP 2: Declare the variables for the socket
STEP 3: Specify the family, protocol, IP address and port number
STEP 4: Create a socket using socket() function
STEP 5: Bind the IP address and Port number
STEP 6: Listen and accept the client’s request for the connection
STEP 7: Read the client’s message
STEP 8: Display the client’s message
STEP 9: Close the socket
STEP 10: Stop
CLIENT:
STEP 1: Start
STEP 2: Declare the variables for the socket
STEP 3: Specify the family, protocol, IP address and port number
STEP 4: Create a socket using socket() function
STEP 5: Call the connect() function
STEP 6: Read the input message
STEP 7: Send the input message to the server
STEP 8: Display the server’s echo
STEP 9: Close the socket
STEP 10: Stop
STEP 1: Start
STEP 2: Declare the variables for the socket
STEP 3: Specify the family, protocol, IP address and port number
STEP 4: Create a socket using socket() function
STEP 5: Call the connect() function
STEP 6: Read the input message
STEP 7: Send the input message to the server
STEP 8: Display the server’s echo
STEP 9: Close the socket
STEP 10: Stop
Source code:-
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class EchoServer
{
public static void main(String [] args){
if (args.length<1)
{
System.out.println(“USAGE: “);
System.out.println(“TCPEcho Server portno “);
System.exit(0);
}
try{
System.out.println(“Opening Serversocket at port: “+args[0]);
ServerSocket serversocket =new ServerSocket(Integer.parseInt(args[0]));
System.out.println(“Accepting Clients”);
while(true)
{
Socket clientsocket=serversocket.accept();
clientsocket.setReceiveBufferSize(1500);
System.out.println(“client accepted.remote address: “+clientsocket.getInetAddress());
PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(clientsocket.getOutputStream(),true);
BufferedReader in =new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientsocket.getInputStream()));
String inputline,outputline;
while((inputline=in.readLine())!=null)
{
System.out.println(“got msg from client : “+inputline);
outputline= inputline;
out.println(outputline);
out.flush();
}
System.out.println(“client dissconnected”);
out.close();
clientsocket.close();
}
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(“something went wrong”);
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
Source code for CLIENT:-
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
public class TcpEchoClient
{
public static void main(String [] argv)
{
if (argv.length<2)
{
System.out.println(“USAGE: “);
System.out.println(“TCPEcho Client portno “);
System.exit(0);
}
try{
Socket socket=new Socket(argv[0],Integer.parseInt(argv[1]));
BufferedReader fromServer=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
PrintWriter toServer=new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());
BufferedReader console =new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while(true)
{
System.out.println(“Enter something to send on server”);
String tosend=console.readLine();
System.out.println(“Sending to Server…….”);
toServer.println(tosend);
toServer.flush();
Thread.sleep(1);
try{
System.out.println(“Reading from server….”);
String Line=fromServer.readLine();
System.out.println(“respose”+Line);
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(“something went wrong”);
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(“something went wrong”);
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
OUTPUT:–
Opening Serversocket at port: 1042
Accepting Clients
client accepted.remote address: /10.103.90.41
got msg from client : hello
java TcpEchoClient 10.103.90.41 1042
Enter something to send on server
hello
Sending to Server…….
Reading from server….
resposehello
Enter something to send on server
Experiment :- 4
AIM:- Write a program in Java to retrieve the information about Host and Port.
Algorithm:-
Step 1: provide the full URL of the browser
step 2: use uri getHost() to get information about the host name
Step 3: use urlgetPort0 to get information about the port number
Step 4: use url get to get information about the protocol applied
Source Code:
import java.lang.* ;import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
class ud1
{
public static void main(String args []) throws
MalformedURLException
{ URL url = new URL(“http://www.yahoo.com”);
try
{
System.out.println(“host name is ” + url.getHost());
System.out.println(“port no. is ” + url.getPort());
System.out.println(“protocol used is ” + url.getProtocol());
}
catch (Exception e)
{ System.out.println(“error”+e);
}
}
}
OUTPUT:-
C:UsersbumkaDownloads>javac ud1.java
C:UsersbumkaDownloads>java ud1
host name is www.yahoo.com
port no. is -1
protocol used is http
C:UsersbumkaDownloads>